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Image from page 49 of “The velvet and corduroy market a short account of the a variety of processes connected with the manufacture of cotton pile goods” (1922)
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Identifier: velvetcorduroyin00cook
Title: The velvet and corduroy sector a brief account of the numerous processes connected with the manufacture of cotton pile goods
Year: 1922 (1920s)
Authors: Cooke, J. Herbert
Subjects: Velvet Cotton manufacture
Publisher: London, New York [and so forth.] Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries
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two,500 and 3,500 instances, it willbe realized that the sizing, to withstand the friction,is a matter for excellent care and experience. A variety of Types. In a plain kind of cloth, in the separa-tion of the warp threads for the passage of the weftbetween, the yarn is equally divided, i.e. just as manythreads are above as below the line of weft, and mechan-ically this is reversed for the next choose or line of weft,but in a velvet, fustian, or any cloth in which the weftis used to kind the face or pile, it is needed that asmuch as possible of the weft shall be laid on the surface,only enough warp threads being introduced to hold 34 VELVET AND CORDUROY Sector the weft and preserve it in its position when reduce, and herewe take advantage of the healds to Hft just as numerous,or as couple of, of the warp threads as may be necessary to holdthe weft, and the mechanism of the loom is adaptedto this end. The manner of varying the sequence in the liftingof the warp threads, and so producing a adjust in the V^arf) or
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TwistX Cut right here following weaving. Diagram A PLAIN VELVET pattern and character of the velvet to be woven, willbe dealt with presently, and it will be shown how altera-tions in the lifting of the warp threads make thedifferent qualities of velvet to be described later on. A general concept of the intersection of threads to formthe pattern of a plain velvet is shown in Diagram A. The weft yarn to type the pile is normally made ofthe finest extended staple American cotton, although notinfrequently the good varieties of Egyptian or Soudancotton are used. The good quality have to be of the bestso as to turn out a excellent velvet piece, and to produce PREPARATION—SPINNING AND WEAVING 35 the excellent, soft and complete pile, so characteristicallybeautiful and rich hunting. It is important that theweft used must be spun as soft as feasible, with aslittle binding or handle of the fibres as is practicable,as considering that the pile mentioned is produced up of the ends oflarge numbers of definite and separate fibres, theymust be allo
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Image from page 164 of “Manufacturing possibilities in the state of Washington” (1918)
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Identifier: cu31924003609272
Title: Manufacturing opportunities in the state of Washington
Year: 1918 (1910s)
Authors: Washington (State). Workplace of the Secretary of State. Bureau of Statistics and Immigration
Subjects: Manufactures
Publisher: Olympia, Wash. Public printer
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
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itiesof quite high grade limestone, cheap fuel and a tremendous timberwaste from which to get the carbon. Turning to our all-natural supplies of obtainable nitrogen, thecoals of this state include, on an typical, about oneper cent, of their weight in nitrogen. When the coal is heatedto make coke or gas, the greatest element of this nitrogen can be Fcrtiliztr He.soiircfs 161 recovcTud in the kind of aninionium sulpliatc—a -aluahk for-tiliztT niatiTial. The gas functions of our larger cities are now coUeetino- niaiivtons of this nitrogen, but in the eoke ovens in the State ofWashington great quantities of valuable nitrogen components arebeing wasteil. Kventuallv, in this state, as is now being exten-sively (lone in Germany, coal will be distilled for the nitrogenand the useful oils and waxes. Some of oiir coals appear partie-ularlv adapted to this use. FISH WASTE. Washingtons greatest contribution to the nitrogeiiois fer-tilizer su[)plv is in the type of dried and treated fish scrap or
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eutl-lisli packin.ii plant. fish guano. The greatest component of this guano is supplied byth< whaling businesses. 1 organization was formed for the pur-pose of working up dog fish and other worthless fisli. The Pacific Merchandise Company of Seattle and Port Town-send is functioning up the worthless fish as well as salmon canneryuaste. Appioximately 1,000 tons of ready fish fertilizer istlieii annual output. 3 and si.x-tenths tons raw fish makeone ton fertilizer, this containing about 11 per cent ni-tiogeii and 14 per cent bone phosphate. For years the salmon canneries threw away a trcinendoustonnage of scrap—some 40 or 50 })er cent of the weight of the 16!^ Manufacturing Opportunities in Washington fish—liuads, fins, viscera, and so on. These days, considerably of this scrap issaved and, when appropriately treated, forms a extremely fine fertilizermaterial containing both nitrogen and phosphorus. Processeshave been created whereby it is possible for cannery men topartially remedy their scrap and colle
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