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Image from page 53 of “Forest trees of the Pacific slope” (1908)
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Identifier: foresttreesofpac00unit
Title: Forest trees of the Pacific slope
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors: United States. Forest Service Sudworth, George Bishop, 1862-1927
Subjects: Trees Forests and forestry
Publisher: Washington Govt. Print. Off
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ranches close to the ground, retain-ing this long low crown all through life. The trunk is smoothly cylindrical,with small taper till the big crown branches are reached. Height, from 125to 140 feet, with a practically clear trunk of from 40 to 60 feet diameter, from3 to 4 feet. Its majestic size is surpassed among its sort only by the sugarpine. Unusually huge trees are from 150 to 180 feet higher, whilst trees are saidto have been discovered over 200 feet higher. The largest diameter recorded is about8 feet. The bark of old trunks is marked by really broad, shield-like, russet-redplates, which could be from three to 4 inches thick, specifically near the base of thetree. The surface of this bark is peculiar in being created up of small, concavescales. Younger trees, up to 2 feet in diameter, are quite in contrast to older ones inhaving dark i-ed-browi^ or blackish, narrowly furrov^ed bark. Young shoots,which have a sturdy odor of orange when broken, are yellowish green and FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 43
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â Piiuis poiKlcrosu: a, leaf b, seed. are va,-iâWe aZ ,n L f ,âTo iT t^ ^T ° ^⢠*»- -^ 44 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. other essential difference between trees bearing cones so dissimilar in color.The cones are from 2J to about 53 inches lengthy and from 1* to about two incliesthick. The ends of the cone scales, soon after shedding their seed (mainly inSeptember), are russet-brown and shin.y. Right after this the ccmes commence falling,and b.v early winter they are all down. A characteristic of the cone in break-ing away from the branch is that some of the basal scales are left on the tree.The seeds (fig. 13, b) are marked with purple spots and blotches on a dullyellowish groimd the wings are light purple-bruwn. Seed leaves, five to 9.Wood, ver.v variable in color, from a pale lemon yellow to an orange brown orreddish yellow. Wood, usually rather light, fine-grained, and sometimes solight and so slightly resinous as to be sold as lumber for white pine of highcommercial worth. Longevity.â
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UK – London: Underground sign
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The London Underground is an all-electric metro railway method that covers much of the conurbation of Higher London and some neighbouring places. It is the world’s oldest underground technique, and is the largest in terms of route length. Service began on January 10, 1863 on the Metropolitan Railway most of that initial route is now part of the Hammersmith & City Line. Despite its name, about 55% of the network is above ground. Well-known regional names incorporate the Underground and, more colloquially, the Tube, in reference to the cylindrical shape of the system’s deep-bore tunnels. The Underground at present serves 274 stations and runs over 408 km (253 miles) of lines. There are also a number of former stations and tunnels that are now closed. In 2004–2005, total passenger journeys reached a record level of 976 million, an average of two.67 million per day.
The origins of the roundel, in earlier years recognized as the ‘bulls-eye’ or ‘target’, are more obscure. While the initial use of a roundel in a London transport context was the 19th-century symbol of the London Common Omnibus Firm — a wheel with a bar across the centre bearing the word Basic — its usage on the Underground stems from the choice in 1908 to find a more obvious way of highlighting station names on platforms. The red disc with blue name bar was rapidly adopted, with the word "UNDERGROUND" across the bar, as an early corporate identity. The logo was modified by Edward Johnston in 1919.
Every station displays the Underground roundel, typically containing the station’s name in the central bar, at entrances and repeatedly along the platform, so that the name can easily be observed by passengers on arriving trains.
The roundel has been utilized for buses and the tube for numerous years, and given that TfL took handle it has been applied to other transport sorts (taxi, tram, DLR, and so on.) in various colour pairs. The roundel has to some extent turn out to be a symbol for London itself.